THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
Find this paper on
SURGICAL STRATEGIES FOR HIGH-GRADE ENDOMETRIAL CANCER: TEMPERATURE-RELATED THERAPIES AND PROGNOSIS
ABSTRACT
The relatively low incidence of high-grade endometrial carcinoma (HGEC) poses a significant challenge as it limits the conduct of extensive prospective studies dedicated to identifying the best treatment approach. In most large-scale clinical investigations, HGEC cases are sparsely represented. As a result, the generalizations drawn from these studies may not accurately pertain to HGEC. Herein, we comprehensively review the surgical treatment strategies for HGEC, with a particular focus on the impact of temperature-based therapies, minimally invasive approaches, and molecular subtypes. Our aim is to provide a solid basis for the individualized diagnosis and management of patients afflicted with this condition.
KEYWORDS
HGEC, surgical strategies, temperature-based therapies, minimally invasive approaches, molecular subtypes, individualized diagnosis, low-incidence cancer
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2026-11-13
PAPER REVISED: 2025-05-04
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2025-05-12
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2026-04-12
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI2602087P
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
REFERENCES
[1] Zhang, C., Zheng, W., High-Grade Endometrial Carcinomas: Morphologic Spectrum and Molecular Classification, Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology, 39 (2022), 3, pp. 176-186
[2] Goto, T., et al., Prognosis of High-Grade Endometrial Cancer: A Comparison of Serous-Type and Clear Cell Type to Grade 3 Endometrioid-Type, European J. of Gynaecological Oncology, 33 (2012), 579
[3] McGunigal, M., et al., Survival Differences Among Uterine Papillary Serous, Clear Cell and Grade 3 Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Endometrial Cancers: A National Cancer Database Analysis, International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer, 27 (2016), 1, pp. 85-92
[4] Wang, Y., et al., Clinicopathological and Survival Analysis of Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Review of 106 Cases, Cancer Manag Res, 10 (2018), Oct., pp. 4915-4928
[5] Seagle, B. L., et al., Prognosis and Treatment of Positive Peritoneal Cytology in Early Endometrial Cancer: Matched Cohort Analyses from the National Cancer Database, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 218 (2018), 3, pp. 329.e1-329.e15
[6] Quintana-Berto, R., et al., Oncological Safety of Hysteroscopy in Endometrial Cancer, Int J Gynecol Cancer, 32 (2022), 11, pp. 1395-1401
[7] Matsuo, K., et al., Malignant Peritoneal Cytology and Increased Mortality Risk in Stage I Non-Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer, Gynecologic Oncology, 159 (2020), 1, pp. 43-51
[8] Han, K. H., et al., Peritoneal Cytology: a Risk Factor of Recurrence for Non-Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer, Gynecol. Oncol., 134 (2014), 2, pp. 293-296
[9] Larish, A., et al., Impact of Hysteroscopy on Course of Disease in High-Risk Endometrial Carcinoma, Int J Gynecol Cancer, 30 (2020), 10, pp. 1513-1519
[10] Chen, J., et al., Does Hysteroscopy Worsen Prognosis in Women with Type II Endometrial Carcinoma? PLoS One, 12 (2017), e0174226
[11] Abu-Rustum, N., et al., Uterine Neoplasms, Version 1.2023, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology, J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw., 21 (2023), 2, pp. 181-209
[12] Concin, N., et al., ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Endometrial Carcinoma, Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 31 (2021), 1, pp. 12-39
[13] Walker, J. L., et al., Recurrence and Survival after Random Assignment to Laparoscopy vs. Laparotomy for Comprehensive Surgical Staging of Uterine Cancer: Gynecologic Oncology Group LAP2 Study, J. Clin. Oncol., 30 (2012), 7, pp. 695-700
[14] Janda, M., et al., Effect of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy vs Total Abdominal Hysterectomy on Disease-Free Survival Among Women With Stage I Endometrial Cancer, JAMA, 317 (2017), 1224
[15] Ramirez, P. T., et al., Minimally Invasive vs. Abdominal Radical Hysterectomy for Cervical Cancer, The New England Journal of Medicine, 378 (2018), 20, pp. 1895-1904
[16] Fader, A. N., et al., Impact of Histology and Surgical Approach on Survival among Women with Early-Stage, High-Grade Uterine Cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Ancillary Analysis, Gynecol. Oncol., 143 (2016), 3, pp. 460-465
[17] Song, J., et al., A Comparison of Disease Recurrence between Robotic vs. Laparotomy Approach in Patients with Intermediate-Risk Endometrial Cancer, International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 30 (2020), 160
[18] Kim, S. I., et al., Survival Rates of Patients who Undergo Minimally Invasive Surgery for Endometrial Cancer with Cervical Involvement, International Journal of Medical Sciences, 18 (2021), 10, pp. 2204-2208
[19] Philp, L., et al., Effect of Surgical Approach on Risk of Recurrence after Vaginal Brachytherapy in Early-Stage High-Intermediate Risk Endometrial Cancer, Gynecologic Oncology, 160 (2021), 2, pp. 389-395
[20] Koskas, M., et al., Long-Term Oncological Safety of Minimally Invasive Surgery in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer, European Journal of Cancer, 65 (2016), Sept., pp. 185-191
[21] Borgfeldt, C., et al., Survival in Endometrial Cancer in Relation to Minimally Invasive Surgery or Open Surgery - a Swedish Gynecologic Cancer Group (SweGCG) Study, BMC Cancer, 21 (2021), 658
[22] Kim, N. R., et al., Minimally Invasive Surgery vs. Open Surgery in High-Risk Histologic Endometrial Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis, Gynecologic Oncology, 166 (2022), 2, pp. 236-244
[23] Dai, Y., Z., et al., Survival of Microsatellite-Stable Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer Patients after Minimally Invasive Surgery: An Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas Data, Gynecologic Oncology, 158 (2020), 1, pp. 92-98
[24] Dai, Y., et al., Tumor Molecular Features Predict Endometrial Cancer Patients' Survival After Open or Minimally Invasive Surgeries, Frontiers in Oncology, 11 (2021), 634857
[25] McMeekin, D. S., et al., Clinicopathologic Significance of Mismatch Repair Defects in Endometrial Cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34 (2016), 25, pp. 3062-3068
[26] Abdulfatah, E., et al., Molecular Classification of Endometrial Carcinoma Applied to Endometrial Biopsy Specimens: Towards Early Personalized Patient Management, Gynecologic Oncology, 154 (2019), 3, pp. 467-474
[27] McMeekin, D. S., et al., Clinicopathologic Significance of Mismatch Repair Defects in Endometrial Cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group Study, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34 (2016), 25, pp. 3062-3068
[28] Meng, Y., et al., The Effects of Uterine Manipulators in Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy for Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 46 (2020), 7, pp. 1225-1232
[29] Machida, H., et al., Intrauterine Manipulator Use during Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy and Risk of Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Cancer, Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 28 (2018), 2, pp. 208-219
[30] Segarra-Vidal, B., et al., Minimally Invasive Compared with Open Hysterectomy in High-Risk Endometrial Cancer, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 138 (2021), 6, 828
[31] Padilla-Iserte, P., et al., Impact of Uterine Manipulator on Oncological Outcome in Endometrial Cancer Surgery, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 224 (2021), 1, pp. 65.e1-65.e11
[32] Feigenberg, T., et al., Factors Associated with an Increased Risk of Recurrence in Patients Diagnosed with High-Grade Endometrial Cancer Undergoing Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Study of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada (GOC) Community of Practice (CoP), Gynecologic Oncology, 162 (2021), 3, pp. 606-612
[33] Black, C., et al., Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma: A Single-Institution Review of 62 Cases, Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 26 (2016), 1, pp. 133-140
[34] Abdulfatah, E., et al., Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium, International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 27 (2017), 8, pp. 1714-1721
[35] Murphy, K. T., et al., Outcome and Patterns of Failure in Pathologic Stages I-IV Clear-Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium: Implications for Adjuvant Radiation Therapy, International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 55 (2003), 5, pp. 1272-1276
[36] Wang, Y., et al., Clinicopathological and Survival Analysis of Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Review of 106 Cases, Cancer Manag. Res., 10 (2018), Oct., pp. 4915-4928
[37] Chen, M., et al., The Role of Omentectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Uterine Serous Carcinoma, European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X, 4 (2019), 100084
[38] Mahdi, H., et al., Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Pelvic Radiation on Pattern of Recurrence and Outcome in Stage I Non-Invasive Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma. A Multi-Institution Study, Gynecologic Oncology, 137 (2015), 2, pp. 239-244
[39] Oaknin, A., et al., Endometrial Cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up, Annals of Oncology, 33 (2022), 9, pp. 860-877
[40] Joo, W. D., et al., Microscopic Omental Metastasis in Clinical Stage I Endometrial Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Annals of Surgical Oncology, 22 (2015), 11, pp. 3695-3700
[41] Kaban, A., et al., Is Omentectomy Necessary for Non-Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer, Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation, 83 (2018), 5, pp. 482-486
[42] Peng, Y. X., Yang, X. S., Molecular Classification Guides for the Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy of Early - Stage Endometrial Carcinoma, Thermal Science, 28 (2024), 3A, pp. 2217-2224
[43] McGilvery, W., Pasca, I. F., Obstetric Hyperthermia, in: Peripartum Care of the Pregnant Patient, (eds. Sinha, A. C., Pasca, I. F.), Springer, New York, USA, 2024
[44] Quesnot, A., et al., Randomized Controlled Trial of Compressive Cryotherapy vs. Standard Cryotherapy after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Pain, Swelling, Range of Motion and Functional Recovery, BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 25 (2024), 182
[45] Gillooly, J. F., et al., Effects of Size and Temperature on Metabolic Rate, Science, 293 (2001), 5538, pp. 2248-2251
[46] He, J.-H., Shrinkage of Body Size of Small Insects: A Possible Link to Global Warming? Chaos Solitons & Fractals, 34 (2007), 3, pp. 727-729
[47] He, J.-H., Periodic Solution of a Micro-Electromechanical System, Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanhcal Engineering, 22 (2024), 2, pp. 187-198
[48] He, J.-H., et al., Piezoelectric Biosensor Based on Ultrasensitive MEMS System, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Volume, 376 (2024), 115664
[49] Zhang, Y. N., et al., Applying Numerical Control to Analyze the Pull-in Stability of MEMS Systems, Thermal Science, 28 (2024), 3A, pp. 2171-2178
© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the VinĨa Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence


