- home
- about
- founder & publisher
- editorial boards
- advisory board
- for authors
- call for papers
- archive
- online first
- editorial policy
- participation fee
- contacts
THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
Find this paper on
THE MHD FLOW AND THERMAL ANALYSIS OF WATER-BASED NANOFLUIDS WITH COPPER AND ALUMINUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: AN ADVENCED FRACTIONAL APPROACH
ABSTRACT
Owing to improved thermal features, the hybrid nanomaterials present multidisciplinary applications in thermal systems, extrusion processes, solar energy, engineering processes, chemical reaction, etc. Following such impressive applications in mind, the aim of current work is to present the heat transfer analysis for free convective flow of hybrid nanofluid due to two parallel plates. The hybrid nanofluid is based on utilization of Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles with water base fluid. The motivations for considering the Cu and Al2O3 nanoparticles are due to high thermal accuracy. The fractional simulations are performed with help of Prabhakar fractional technique. The Prabhakar fractional derivative is more effective as it provides more flexible and comprehensive framework for modelling the complex systems with memory features hereditary features and anomalous diffusion. The integration process is subject to implementation of Laplace technique. It has been claimed that the improvement in volumetric fraction leads to reduction of fluid velocity. The temperature profile reduces due to higher Prandtl number and control of heat transfer is more impressive for copper base hybrid nanofluid.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2024-12-03
PAPER REVISED: 2025-03-06
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2025-03-10
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2025-04-05
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI241203069G
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
REFERENCES
[1] Brauer,F., et al., Turbulent Bubble-Laden Channel Flow of Power-Law Fluids: A Direct Numerical Simulation Study, Fluids, 6 (2021), 1, 40, 10.3390/fluids6010040
[2] Kakac, S., et al., Natural-Convection: Fundamentals and Applications, Hemisphere Pub. Corp., Washington, USA,1985
[3] Singh, A., et al., Transient Free Convection Flow between Two Vertical Parallel Plates, Heat and Mass Transfer, 31 (1996), 5, pp. 329-331, 10.1007/s002310050063
[4] Shafiq, A., et al., Sensitivity Analysis for Walters' B Nanoliquid-Flow over a Radiative Riga Surface by RSM, Scientia Iranica, 29 (2022), 3, pp. 1236-1249, 10.24200/sci.2021.58293.5662
[5] Narahari, M., Transient Free Convection Flow between Long Vertical Parallel Plates with Ramped Wall Temperature at One Boundary in the Presence of Thermal Radiation And Constant Mass Diffusion, Meccanica, 47 (2012), 8, pp. 1961-1976, 10.1007/s11012-012-9567-9
[6] Jha, B. K., et al., MHD Natural-Convection Flow in a Vertical Parallel Plate Micro-Channel, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 6 (2015), 1, pp. 289-295, 10.1016/j.asej.2014.09.012
[7] Reddy, B., et al., Unsteady Mixed Convection Hydro-Magnetic Casson Thermo-Diffusion Flow of Reacting and Dissipating Fluid with an Inclined Magnetic Field Along an Oscillating Slanted Porous Plate, Computational Thermal Sciences: An International Journal, 16 (2024), 1, pp. 57-79, 10.1615/computthermalscien.2023050323
[8] Cham, B. M., et al., Unsteady, 2-D Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Analysis of Casson Fluid-Flow in a Porous Cavity with Heated Cylindrical Obstacles, AIP Advances, 14 (2024), 4, 045327, 10.1063/5.0178827
[9] Bani-Fwaz, M. Z., et al., Investigation of Unsteady Nanofluid over Half Infinite Domain under the Action of Parametric Effects and EPNM, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 150 (2024), Apr., pp. 2975-2988, 10.1007/s10973-024-13121-8
[10] Bhargavi, N., et al., Magnetohydrodynamic Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis on a Viscous Fluid Past a Vertical Permeable Plate, International Journal of Modern Physics, B38 (2024), 16, 2450211, 10.1142/s0217979224502114
[11] Warke, A. S., et al.. Numerical Investigation of the Stagnation Point Flow of Radiative Magnetomicropolar Liquid Past a Heated Porous Stretching Sheet, J. Therm. Anal Calorim., 147 (2022), July, pp. 6901-6912, 10.1007/s10973-021-10976-z
[12] Reddy, M., Shehzad, S., Molybdenum Disulfide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle Performance on Micropolar Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux Model, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 42 (2021), 4, pp. 541-552, 10.1007/s10483-021-2713-9
[13] Mohsan, H., et al., Thermal Energy and Mass Transport of Shear Thinning Fluid under Effects of Low to High Shear Rate Viscosity, International Journal of Thermofluids, 15 (2022), 100176, 10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100176
[14] Varadhan, B., et al., Investigation on the Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Counterflow Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger Using Nanofluids, Thermal Science, 28 (2024), 1A, pp. 233-240, 10.2298/tsci230312273v
[15] Bouzid, K., et al., Numerical Investigation of Mixed Convection Inside a 3-D L-Shaped Cavity Filled with Hybrid-Nanofluids in the Presence of a Heating Block, Thermal Science, 28 (2024), 4B, pp. 3235-3252, 10.2298/tsci230916057b
[16] Khedher, N. B., et al., Significance of Fluctuating Amplitude and Turbulence on Non-Linear Radiative Heat Transfer In Casson Nanofluid Using Primitive and Stokes Transformation, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 192 (2025), 116022, 10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116022
[17] Hussain, M., et al., Role of Nanoparticle Radius for Heat Transfer Optimization in MHD Dusty Fluid Across Stretching Sheet, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 149 (2024), 24, pp. 15179-15192, 10.1007/s10973-024-13738-9
[18] Khan, S. A., et al., Towards a New Strategy Modelling to Optimise Thermal and Solutal Transportations Within a Magnetised Blood-Based Hybrid Nanofluid-Flow over Gyrating Sphere, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 46 (2025), 1, 2444328, 10.1080/01430750.2024.2444328
[19] Waini, I.,et al., Mixed Convection of a Hybrid Nanofluid-Flow Along a Vertical Surface Embedded in a Porous Medium, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 114 (2020), 104565, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104565
[20] Babazadeh, H., et al., Analysis of Hybrid Nanofluid Behavior Within a Porous Cavity Including Lorentz Forces and Radiation Impacts, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 143 (2021), 2, pp. 1129-1137, 10.1007/s10973-020-09416-1
[21] Asadi, A., et al., An Experimental Study on Characterization, Stability and Dynamic Viscosity of CuO-TiO2/Water Hybrid Nanofluid, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 307 (2020), 112987, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112987
[22] Huminic, G., Huminic, A., Entropy Generation of Nanofluid and Hybrid Nanofluid-Flow in Thermal Systems: A Review, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 302 (2020), 112533, 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112533
[23] Nadeem, S., et al., Inspection of Hybrid Based Nanofluid-Flow over a Curved Surface, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 189 (2020), 105193, 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105193
[24] Song, Y.-Q., et al., Physical Impact of Thermo-Diffusion and Diffusion-Thermo on Marangoni Convective Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid (MnZiFe2O4-NiZnFe2O4-H2O) with Non-Linear Heat Source/Sink and Radiative Heat Flux, Modern Physics Letters B, 35 (2021), 2141006, 10.1142/s0217984921410062
[25] Song, Y.-Q., et al., Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow of Magneto-Williamson Nanofluid Due to Stretched Cylinder with Significant Non-Uniform Heat Source/Sink Features, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61 (2022), 1, pp. 195-206, 10.1016/j.aej.2021.04.089
[26] Varun Kumar, R. S., et al., Two-Phase Flow of Dusty Fluid with Suspended Hybrid Nanoparticles over a Stretching Cylinder with Modified Fourier Heat Flux, SN Applied Sciences, 3 (2021), 384, 10.1007/s42452-021-04364-3
[27] Prasannakumara, B. C., Numerical Simulation of Heat Transport in Maxwell Nanofluid-Flow over a Stretching Sheet Considering Magnetic Dipole Effect, Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics, 4 (2021), 100064, 10.1016/j.padiff.2021.100064
[28] Nagapavani, M., et al., Features of the exponential form of internal heat generation, Cattaneo-Christov heat theory on water-based graphene-CNT-titanium ternary hybrid nanofluid-flow, Heat Transfer, 52 (2023), 1, pp. 144-161, 10.1002/htj.22689
[29] Mahanthesh, B., Statistical and Exact Analysis of MHD Flow Due to Hybrid Nanoparticles Suspended in C2H6O2-H2O Hybrid Base Fluid, 9780429343537, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., USA, 2020, 10.1201/9780429343537-8
[30] Mackolil, J., Mahanthesh, B., Time-Dependent Non-Linear Convective Flow and Radiative Heat Transfer of Cu-Al2O3-H2O Hybrid Nanoliquid with Polar Particles Suspension: A Statistical and Exact Analysis, BioNanoSci., 9 (2019), Sept., pp. 937-951, 10.1007/s12668-019-00667-3
[31] Sheikholeslami, M., et al., Simulation of Sustainable Solar Thermal Storage System Involving Photovoltaic Panel Equipped with Nanofluid-Based Splitter Considering Self-Cleaning Coating, Sustainable Cities and Society, 119 (2025), 106100, 10.1016/j.scs.2024.106100
[32] Mezaache, A.,et al., Impact of Nanofluids and Porous Structures on the Thermal Efficiency of Wavy Channel Heat Exchanger, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 210 (2025), 109673, 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109673
[33] Gomez-Aguilar, J., et al., Universal Character of the Fractional Space-Time Electromagnetic Waves in Dielectric Media, Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 29 (2015), 6, pp. 727-740, 10.1080/09205071.2015.1016189
[34] Duarte, M., et al., Fractional Derivatives: The Perspective of System Theory, Mathematics, 7 (2019), 2, 150, 10.3390/math7020150
[35] Turkyilmazoglu, M., "Hyperthermia Therapy of Cancerous Tumor Sitting in Breast Via Analytical Fractional Model, Computers in Biology and Medicine, 164 (2023), 107271, 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107271
[36] Turkyilmazoglu, M., Altanji, M., Fractional Models of Falling Object with Linear and Quadratic Frictional Forces Considering Caputo Derivative, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 166 (2023), 112980, 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112980
[37] Ibraheem, G, H., et al., Novel Approximate Solution for Fractional Differential Equations by the Optimal Variational Iteration Method, Journal of Computational Science, 64 (2022), 101841, 10.1016/j.jocs.2022.101841
[38] Turkyilmazoglu, M., Altanji, M., Fractional Models of Falling Object with Linear and Quadratic Frictional forces Considering Caputo Derivative, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 166 (2023), 112980
[39] Sene, N., Second-Grade Fluid Model with Caputo-Liouville Generalized Fractional Derivative, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 133 (2020), 109631, 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109631
[40] Mozafarifard, M., Toghraie, D., Time-Fractional Subdiffusion Model for Thin Metal Films under Femtosecond Laser Pulses Based on Caputo Fractional Derivative to Examine Anomalous Diffusion Process, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 153 (2020), 119592, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119592
[41] Asjad, M. I., et al., Prabhakar Fractional Derivative and Its Applications in the Transport Phenomena Containing Nanoparticles, Thermal Science, 25 (2021), Special Issue 2, pp. 411-416, 10.2298/tsci21s2411a
[42] Asjad, M. I., et al., New Solutions of Generalized MHD Viscous Fluid-Flow with Thermal Memory and Bioconvection, J. Therm .Anal Calorim., 147 (2022), pp. 14019-14029, 10.1007/s10973-022-11609-9
[43] Sarwar, N., et al., A Prabhakar Fractional Approach for the Convection Flow of Casson Fluid Across an Oscillating Surface Based on the Generalized Fourier Law, Symmetry, 13 (2021), 2039, 10.3390/sym13112039
[44] Asjad, M. I., et al., Analysis of Non-Singular Fractional Bioconvection and Thermal Memory with Generalized Mittag-Leffler Kernel, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 159 (2022), 112090, 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112090
[45] Giusti, A., I. Colombaro, I., Prabhakar-Like Fractional Viscoelasticity, Communications in Non-Linear Science and Numerical Simulation, 56 (20218), Mar., pp. 138-143, 10.1016/j.cnsns.2017.08.002
[46] Akgul, A., Siddique, I., Novel Applications of the Magnetohydrodynamics Couple Stress Fluid-Flows between Two Plates with Fractal‐Fractional Derivatives, Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 37 (2021), 3, pp. 2178-2189, 10.1002/num.22673
[47] Wang, F., et al., Unsteady Thermal Transport Flow of Casson Nanofluids with Generalized Mittag-Leffler Kernel of Prabhakar's Type, Journal of Materials Research And Technology, 14 (2021), Sept.-Oct., pp. 1292-1300, 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.07.029
[48] Raza, A., et al., Unsteady Incompressible Flow of Magnetized Aluminum Oxide and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles with Blood Base Fluid, Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 99 (2022), 7, 100568, 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100568
[49] Khalid, A. M., et al., Heat Transfer Enhancement for Slip Flow of Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Due to Linear Inclined Surface by Using Modified Prabhakar Fractional Approach, Archive of Applied Mechanics, 92 (2022), June, pp. 2455-2465, 10.1007/s00419-022-02188-0
© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence