Thermal Science

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STUDY OF VACUUM AND FREEZE DRYING OF BEE HONEY

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to study the drying kinetics of vacuum-dried and freeze-dried bee honey produced from two different varieties: Sunflower honey (Helianthus Annuus L.) and Acacia honey (Robinia pseudo acacia L.). Vacuum drying treatments were carried out with the honey samples’ initial temperatures of +25°C, –20°C, and –40°C. Water content, total soluble solids, as well as the water activity of fresh and dried honey samples were determined. Freeze-drying of bee honey with initial sample temperature of –40°C has resulted in shorter drying time (7-9 hours), moisture content (10%-12%), water activity (0.405-0.427 aW) and effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (8.26·10–7-9.51·10-7 m2/s). The high-performance liquid chromatography method was used when analyzing the impact that drying pre-treatments had on honey quality. The application of pre-treatments has led to an increase in hydroxy-methyl-furfural by 39-71%, and a decrease in diastase activity by 17-36%, all compared to fresh honey samples. The solutions of Verma model proved to be the best fit with the experimental results.

KEYWORDS

vacuum drying, freeze drying, bee honey, drying kinetics, quality parameters

PAPER SUBMITTED: 2020-03-17

PAPER REVISED: 2020-05-11

PAPER ACCEPTED: 2020-05-14

PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2020-06-07

DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI200317194N

CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file

THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2020, VOLUME 24, ISSUE No. 6, PAGES [4241 - 4251]

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Study of vacuum and freeze drying of bee honey

© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence

THERMAL SCIENCE

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Nebojša Nedić

Milan D Gojak

Ivan J Zlatanović

Nedžad R Rudonja

Kristina Lazarević

Milan Dražić

Kosta Gligorević

Miloš Pajić

STUDY OF VACUUM AND FREEZE DRYING OF BEE HONEY