THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Yao ShenORCID

,

Xiaozhi WangORCID

,

Zhuoya Yao

,

Xiangang LiORCID

EFFECT OF NON-CONDENSABLE GAS ON HEAT CONDUCTION IN STEAM STERILIZATION PROCESS

ABSTRACT
Non-condensable gas has an adverse effect on heat conduction in pressure steam sterilization. An experiment was carefully designed to study the effect, and a semi-empirical formulation is obtained to predict the maximal temperature difference between outside and inside of a package. This paper gives a systematical insight into the non-condensable gas effect, and there is a threshold of the non-condensable gas concentration, beyond which the thermal sterilization becomes invalid for complete killing microorganisms.
KEYWORDS
pressure steam sterilization, non-condensable gas, saturated steam, thermal conductivity
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2018-03-02
PAPER REVISED: 2018-06-12
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2018-07-05
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2019-09-14
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI1904489S
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2019, VOLUME 23, ISSUE No. 4, PAGES [2489 - 2494]
REFERENCES
[1] Doornmalen, J. P. C. M. Van, Kopinga, K., Measuring Non-Condensable Gases In Steam, Review of, 10.1063/1.4829636
[2] Punetha, M., Khandekar, S., A CFD Based Modelling Approach for Predicting Steam Condensation in the Presence of Non-Condensable Gases, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 324 (2017), 1, pp. 280-296, 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.09.007
[3] Wu, X. M., et al., Approximate Equations for Film Condensation in the Presence of Non-Condensable Gases, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 85 (2017), 10, pp. 124-130, 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.05.007
[4] Zine-Dine, K., et al., Effect of the Non-Condensable Gas Type during Condensation of Water Vapor, Thermal Science, 21 (2017), 6A, pp. 2457-2468, 10.2298/tsci160612294z
[5] Rusowicz, A., et al., The Numerical and Experimental Study of Two Passes Power Plant Condense, Thermal Science, 21 (2017), 1A, pp. 353-362
[6] Van Wezel, R. A. C., et al., Following Trends in Steam Sterilizer Performance by Quantitative Monitor-ing of Non-Condensable Gases, Journal of Hospital Infection, 97 (2017), 4, pp. 357-362, 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.08.008
[7] Boyce, J. M., Modern Technologies for Improving Cleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces in Hospitals, Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control 5 (2016), ID 10, 10.1186/s13756-016-0111-x
[8] Wang, S., Utaka, Y., Effect of Non-Condensable Gas Mass Fraction on Condensation Heat Transfer for Water-Ethanol Vapor Mixture, JSME International Journal 47 (2005), 2, pp. 162-167, 10.1299/jsmeb.47.162
[9] Wang, S. X., Utaka, Y., An Experimental Study on the Effect of Non-Condensablegas for Solutal Ma-rangoni Condensation Heat Transfer, Experimental Heat Transfer, 18 (2005), 2, pp. 61-79, 10.1080/08916150590914714
[10] Yi, Q., et al., Visualization Study of the Influence of Non-Condensable Gas on Steam Condensation Heat Transfer, Applied Thermal Engineering 106 (2016), 1, pp. 13-21, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.134
[11] Kim, J. W., et al., Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristic in the Presence of Noncondensable Gas on Natural Convection at High Pressure, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 239 (2009), 4, pp. 688-698, 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2008.12.011
[12] Ma, X. H., et al., Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement in the Presence of Non-Condensable Gas Using the Interfacial Effect of Dropwise Condensation International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51 (2008), 7-8 , pp. 1728-1737, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.07.021
[13] Tian, D., et al., Thermodynamics in Nanotechnology: A New Approach to Revealing Hidden Phenome-na, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), 1A, pp. 1-3, 10.2298/tsci171117244t
[14] Caruso, G., Di Maio, D. V., Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy Applied to Condensation in the Presence of Noncondensable Gases inside Inclined Tubes, International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 68 (2014), Jan., pp. 401-414, 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.09.049
[15] Van Doornmalen, J. P. C. M., Dankert, J., A Validation Survey of 197 Hospital Steam Sterilizers in the Netherlands in 2001 and 2002, Journal of Hospital Infection, 59 (2005), 2, pp. 126-130, 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.07.018
[16] Ezzat, M. A., et al., Fractional Order Theory in Thermoelastic Solid with Three-Phase Lag Heat Trans-fer, Archive of Applied Mechanics, 82 (2012), 4, pp. 557-572, 10.1007/s00419-011-0572-6
[17] He, J.-H., A Tutorial Review on Fractal Space-Time and Fractional Calculus, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53 (2014), 11, pp. 3698-3718, 10.1007/s10773-014-2123-8
[18] He, J. H., Fractal Calculus and its Geometrical Explanation, Results in Physics, 10 (2018), Sept., pp. 272-276, 10.1016/j.rinp.2018.06.011
[19] Fei, D. D., et al., Fractal Approach to Heat Transfer in Silkworm Cocoon Hierarchy, Thermal Science, 17 (2013), 5, pp. 1546-1548, 10.2298/tsci1305546f
[20] Liu, F. J., et al., A Fractional Model for Insulation Clothings with Cocoon-Like Porous Structure, Ther-mal Science, 20 (2016), 3, pp. 779-784, 10.2298/tsci1603779l
[21] Liu, F. J., et al., A Delayed Fractional Model for Cocoon Heat-Proof Property, Thermal Science, 21 (2017), 4, pp. 1867-1871
[22] Wang, F. Y., et al., Improvement of Air Permeability of Bubbfil Nanofiber Membrane, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), 1A, pp. 17-218, 10.2298/tsci160715142w
[23] Yu, D. N., et al., Snail-Based Nanofibers, Mater. Lett., 220 (2018), June, pp. 5-7
[24] Liu, P., et al., Geometrical Potential: an Explanation on of Nanofibers Wettability, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), 1A, pp. 33-38
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Effect of non-condensable gas on heat conduction in steam sterilization process

© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence