THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Boris G Pokusaev

,

Andrey VyazminORCID

,

Nikolay Zakharov

,

Sergey Karlov

,

Dmitry A Nekrasov

,

Vyacheslav Reznik

,

Dmitry Khramtsov

NON-STATIONARY HEAT TRANSFER IN GELS APPLIED TO BIOTEHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT
Unsteady heat transfer in agarose gels of various concentrations was studied in order to make a breakthrough in the technology of 3-D additive bioprinting. Data on the kinetics of the phase transformation was obtained using spectroscopy as a function of temperature during the formation of agarose hydrogel. The dynamics of aging was investigated for gels of different densities. The time dependence of the structural changes was obtained. Particular attention was paid to the changes in the structure of the gel due to the processes of evaporation of the liquid during the gel formation and during long-term storage. Experiments were performed to determine the dynamics of the temperature fields simultaneously with heat flux measurements during the formation of agarose gels from different initial concentrations. A technique based on experimental data for the computations of the thermophysical coefficients of agarose gels was developed.
KEYWORDS
additive bioprinting, agarose gel, spectroscopy, phase transformations, kinetics of formation, mechanisms of gel aging, evaporation, thermophysical coefficients of gel
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2017-04-15
PAPER REVISED: 2017-04-22
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2017-04-23
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2017-05-06
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI170415125P
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2017, VOLUME 21, ISSUE No. 5, PAGES [2237 - 2246]
REFERENCES
[1] Placzek, M. R., et al., Stem Cell Bioprocessing: Fundamentals and Principles, J. R. Soc. Interface, 6 (2009), pp. 209-232, 10.1098/rsif.2008.0442
[2] Hölzl, K., et al., Bioink Properties Before, During and After 3D Bioprinting, Biofabrication, 8 (2016), ID 032002, 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/032002
[3] Rodrigues, C. A. V., et al., Stem Cell Cultivation in Bioreactors, Biotechnology Advances, 29 (2011), pp. 815-829, 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.009
[4] Zaldivar, R. J., et al., Influence of Processing and Orientation Print Effects on the Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of 3D-Printed ULTEM® 9085 Material, Additive Manufacturing, 13 (2017), pp. 71-80
[5] Choi, J., et al., 4D Printing Technology: A Review, 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, 2 (2015), 4, pp. 159-167, 10.1089/3dp.2015.0039
[6] Marga, F., et al., Toward Engineering Functional Organ Modules by Additive Manufacturing, Biofabrication, 4 ( 2012), ID 02200, 10.1088/1758-5082/4/2/022001
[7] Wang, M. Y., et al., The Trend Towards in Vivo Bioprinting, International Journal of Bioprinting, 1 (2015), 1, pp. 15-26, 10.18063/ijb.2015.01.001
[8] Wang, S., et al., Smart Hydrogels for 3D Bioprinting, International Journal of Bioprinting, 1 (2015), 1, pp. 3-14, 10.18063/ijb.2015.01.005
[9] Hitchens, A. P., Leikind, M. C., The Introduction of Agar-Agar into Bacteriology, Journal of Bacteriology, 37 (1939), 5, pp. 485-493, 10.1128/jb.37.5.485-493.1939
[10] Tuson, H. H., et al., Polyacrylamide Hydrogels as Substrates for Studying Bacteria, Chemical Communications, 48 (2012) pp. 1595-1597, 10.1039/c1cc14705f
[11] Rivest, Ch., et al., Microscale Hydrogels for Medicine and Biology: Synthesis, Characteristics and Applications, Journal of Mehanics of Materials and Structures, 2 (2007), 6, pp. 1103-1119, 10.2140/jomms.2007.2.1103
[12] Weiss, R. G., Terech, P., (Eds.), Molecular Gels: Materials with Self-assembled Fibrillar Networks, Springer Science & Business Media, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 2006, 10.1007/1-4020-3689-2
[13] Kajiwara, K., Osada, Yo., (Eds.), Gels Handbook. Four-Volume Set , Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000
[14] Crompton, T. R., Polymer Reference Book, Rapra Technology Limited, Shropshire, UK, 2006
[15] Amsden, B., Solute Diffusion Within Hydrogels. Mechanisms and Models, Macromolecules, 31 (1998), pp. 8382-8395, 10.1021/ma980765f
[16] Duckworth, M., Yaphe, W., The Structure of Agar. Part I. Fractionation of a Complex Mixture of Polysaccharides, Carbohydrate Research, 16 (1971), pp. 189-97
[17] Rees, D. A., Polysaccharide Shapes and Their Interactions - Some Recent Advances, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 53 (1981), 1, pp. 1-14, 10.1351/pac198153010001
[18] Rees, D. A., et al., Correlation of Optical Activity with Polysaccharide Conformation, Nature, 227 (1970) pp. 390-392, 10.1038/227390a0
[19] Santos, G. A., A Manual for the Processing of Agar from Gracilaria, ASEAN/UNDP/FAO Regional Small-Scale Coastal Fisheries Development Project, Manila, 1990
[20] Pokusaev, B. G., et al., Initiation of Convection Flows in the Wall Granular Layer in the Problem of Boiling of Subcooled Coolant, High Temperature, 54 (2016), 5, pp. 708-715, 10.1134/s0018151x16040180
[21] Zhang, W., et al., Thermal Properties of Wool Fabric Treated by Phosphorus-Doped Silica Sols Through Sol-Gel Method, Thermal science, 18 (2014), 2, pp. 1603-1605, 10.2298/tsci1405603z
[22] Pokusaev, B. G., et al., Diffusion of Nano-Particles in Gels, Chemical Engineering Tranactions, 47 (2016) pp. 91-96
[23] Arnott, S., Fulmer, W., The Agarose Double Helix and Its Function in Agarose Gel Structure, Journal of Molecular Biology, 90 (1974), pp. 269-284, 10.1016/0022-2836(74)90372-6
[24] Berlin, J., et al., Inject Able Hydrogel Based Medical Devices, Bonezone, 9 (2016), www.orthoworld.com/index.php/publications/print_article/221558
[25] Polyanin, A. D., et al., Hydrodynamics, Mass and Heat Transfer in Chemical Engineering, Taylor & Francis, London, 2002, 10.1201/9781420024517
[26] Pokusaev, B. G., et al., Equilibrium Acoustic Velocity in Vapor-Liquid Mixture in Layer of Spherical Particles, Thermal science, 18 (2014), 2, pp.591-602, 10.2298/tsci140218028p
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Non-stationary heat transfer in gels applied to biotehnology

© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence