In order tofurther supplement and refine the energy theory for high-strain-rate material testing, this study systematically investigates the dynamic mechanical response and energy evolution of materials using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique. A computational model for key energy parameters during dynamic loading is established through theoretical derivation and subsequently validated experimentally using four representative materials. The research demonstrates that the product of the internal absorbed energy density of the material and the specimen volume equals the total absorbed energy measured by the SHPB system. This relationship can serve as an effective indicator for assessing the stress balance state of the experimental system. Experimental data show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, with all systematic errors remaining below 3%, thereby confirming the accuracy and reliability of the theoretical derivation of energy parameters. The findings provide a significant theoretical framework and technical foundation for evaluating the dynamic mechanical properties of materials in fields such as aerospace and deep-earth exploration.