THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Yi-Ming Wang

,

Fang-Nian Song

,

Yi-Ying Feng

,

Zhi-Yong Niu

CREEP EVOLUTION MECHANISMS OF ALKALI-ACTIVATED CEMENTED GANGUE BACKFILL MATERIALS

ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the creep characteristics of alkali-activated gangue-modified cemented gangue backfill materials (CGBM) through uniaxial compression creep tests combined with discrete element simulations, systematically investigating the influence of the activator ratio (N) on the creep behavior, energy evolution, and force chain distribution of CGBM. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of activator enhances the creep strength of CGBM and increases its stress-bearing capacity. With an increasing activator ratio, both the peak strain energy and the peak contact force between particles in CGBM initially rise and then decline, suggesting that optimizing the activator ratio can effectively improve the energy transfer efficiency between the material and the overlying strata.
KEYWORDS
cemented gangue backfill material, alkali activation, creep property, numerical simulation, energy evolution
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2025-05-16
PAPER REVISED: 2025-09-16
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2025-09-18
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2026-07-25
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI250516131W
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Creep evolution mechanisms of alkali-activated cemented gangue backfill materials

© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence