THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Latha D. L. A. Yamini

,

R. Vijayalakshmi

COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF BLOOD FLOW THROUGH A STENOSED ARTERY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases associated with arterial stenosis significantly obstruct blood flow and contribute to severe cardiac complications. Computational modeling of blood flow provides a cost-effective and non-invasive approach for understanding hemodynamic behaviour in diseased arteries. In this study, the flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting blood flow through a stenosed artery is investigated under the influence of a magnetic field and thermal effects. The equations governing the conservation of mass and momentum are expressed in cylindrical coordinates under the suitable physiological assumptions. The resulting nonlinear equations are transformed into dimensionless form and solved numerically using the Finite element method (FEM). The effects of the Hartmann number (Ha), Grashof number (Gr), Darcy number (Da) and stenosis height (δ) on axial velocity, temperature distribution and wall shear stress (WSS) are analysed. The results demonstrate that an increase in the Hartmann number suppresses blood flow velocity due to the Lorentz force, whereas higher Darcy number and Grashof number enhance the flow characteristics. Furthermore, wall shear stress increases significantly near the stenosis throat due to the arterial constriction. The proposed non-invasive computational technique provides useful insights into hemodynamic behaviour in stenosed arteries and assists in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.
KEYWORDS
Arterial stenosis, Cardiovascular diseases, non-Newtonian, hemodynamic, finite element method (FEM)
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2026-04-21
PAPER REVISED: 2026-06-02
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2026-06-07
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2026-07-11
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI260421104Y
REFERENCES (26)
[1] V. Carvalho, D. Pinho, R. A. Lima, J. C. Teixeira and S. Teixeira, "Blood Flow Modelling in Coronary Arteries: A Review," Fluids, 2021., 10.3390/fluids6020053
[2] G. De Nisco, M. Lodi Rizzini, A. Candreva, U. Morbiducci and G. De Ferrari, "Modelling blood flow in coro-nary arteries: Newtonian or shear-thinning non-Newtonian rheology?" Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 242, 2023., 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107823
[3] A. Candreva et al., "Current and Future Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Coronary Artery Disease," RCM, vol. 23, 2022., 10.31083/j.rcm2311377
[4] A. Candreva et al., "Risk of myocardial infarction based on endothelial shear stress analysis using coronary angiography," Atherosclerosis, vol. 342, pp. 28-35, 2022
[5] A. J. Brown et al., "Role of biomechanical forces in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis," Nature Reviews Cardiology, vol. 13, pp. 210-220, 2016
[6] F. A. Elelamy, S. N. Elgazery and R. Ellahi, "Blood flow of MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid with heat transfer and slip effects," International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow, 2020
[7] M. Ghassemi and A. Shahidian, Nano and Bio Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Academic Press, 2017
[8] M. Hatami, J. Hatami and D. D. Ganji, "Computer simulation of MHD blood conveying gold nanoparticles as a third grade non-Newtonian nanofluid in a hollow porous vessel," Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2014
[9] A. Aziz, "MHD non-Newtonian flow of third grade fluid in a porous half space with plate suction," Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 218, pp. 10443-10453, 2012
[10] M. A. Ikbal et al., "Unsteady response of non-Newtonian blood flow through a stenosed artery in magnetic field," Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 230, pp. 243-259, 2009
[11] J. C. Misra and G. C. Shit, "Role of slip velocity in blood flow through stenosed arteries," Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, vol. 7, pp. 337-353, 2007
[12] A. Jimoh, "Analysis of unsteady blood flow through a stenosed artery with constant and variable viscosities," International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 49-81, 2022
[13] L. M. Flaherty et al., "Carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke," Neuroepidemiology, vol. 40, pp. 36-41, 2013
[14] A. Zaman et al., "Heat and mass transfer to blood flowing through a tapered overlapping stenosed artery," Inter-national Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 95, pp. 1084-1095, 2016
[15] P. M. Khan et al., "Effect of heart rate on hemodynamics in healthy and stenosed carotid arteries," 2023
[16] J. Akram, S. N. Akbar and D. Tripathi, "Blood-based graphene oxide nanofluid through capillary in electromag-netic field," Microvascular Research, vol. 132, 2020
[17] I. Abdullah et al., "Effects of magnetic field and Hall current on blood velocity and LDL transfer," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 633, 2015
[18] J. Singh and R. Rathee, "Analysis of non-Newtonian blood flow through stenosed vessel in porous medium," International Journal of Physical Sciences, vol. 6, no. 10
[19] S. Nadeem and S. Ijaz, "Radially varying magnetic field on blood flow through catheterized artery," Communica-tions in Theoretical Physics, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 537-546, 2015
[20] D. F. Young, "Effect of time dependent stenosis on flow through a tube," Journal of Engineering, vol. 90, pp. 248-254, 1979
[21] D. Biswas, Blood Flow Model: A Comparative Study, Mittal Publication, New Delhi, 2000
[22] T. Elnaqeeb, "Modelling of Au(NPs)-blood flow through catheterized stenosed artery," European Physical Jour-nal Special Topics, vol. 228, pp. 2695-2712, 2019
[23] M. M. Bhatti, R. Ellahi and S. M. Sait, "Electro-thermal coupled MHD Jeffrey fluid modeling of cervical mu-cus: implications for thermal-sensitive drug delivery and sperm motility diagnostics," International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, pp. 1-37, 2026
[24] S. F. Ramadan, M. M. Bhatti, K. S. Mekheimer, A. M. A. Soliman, M. Moawad and C. M. Khalique, "Magneto-Bioconvection Dynamics of Synovial Nanofluids: Consequences of Porosity, Rheology, and Heat Generation," Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 122-133, 2026
[25] P. Pathmanathan, R. A. Gray, V. J. Romero, and T. M. Morrison, "Applicability Analysis of Validation Evidence for Biomedical Computational Models," Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, vol. 2, 2017
[26] D. A. Steinman and F. Migliavacca, "Editorial: Special Issue on Verification, Validation, and Uncertainty Quan-tification of Cardiovascular Models: Towards Effective VVUQ for Translating Cardiovascular Modelling to Clin-ical Utility," Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology, vol. 9, pp. 539-543, 2018
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Computational analysis of blood flow through a stenosed artery using finite element method

© 2026 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence