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[38] Gozdur, R., et al., An energy balance evaluation in lithium-ion battery module under high temperature operation, Energy Conversion and Management, 227 (2021), pp. 113565. Appendix A Table. Nomenclature, Greek Symbols, Subscripts, Acronyms Nomenclature T Temperature (°C or K) Tmax Maximum temperature of the lithium battery (°C) Tcase Temperature of the outer surface of the battery pack case (°C) Tambient Ambient temperature (°C) T Time (s) x Spatial coordinate (m) Lx Characteristic length of the solution domain (m) Ci Specific heat capacity of the i-th element (J/(kg·K)) Qdiss Joule heat generated in the Li-ion battery during charge/discharge (W/m³) I Charge/discharge current (A) R Internal resistance of the battery (Ω) V Volume of the battery (m³) SOC State of Charge (%) C-rate Charge/discharge rate relative to the nominal capacity Greek Symbols δQ Relative error of the heat balance (%) ρi Density of the i-th element (kg/m³) λi Thermal conductivity coefficient of the i-th element (W/(m·K)) α Heat transfer coefficient between the battery pack case and the ambient environment (W/(m²·K)) Subscripts i Index of the region (1 - battery pack case, 2 - battery, 3 - air gap) ambient Related to the ambient environment max Maximum value case Related to the battery pack case aver Average value Acronyms LFP Lithium Iron Phosphate CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics PCM Phase Change Material SEI Solid Electrolyte Interphase SOC State of Charge 14 Appendix B Table. Battery Parameters Characteristic Parameter Value Unit Notes Chemistry Type LiFePO₄ Capacity Nominal 25 Ah 80 Wh Nominal charging voltage 3.2 V Maximum charging voltage 3.65 ± 0.05 V Minimum voltage 2.5 V Charging Current Standard 25 A 1C Maximum 100 A 4C Discharging Current Standard 25 A 1C Long-term 125 A 5C Maximum 200 A 8C (up to 15 sec) Internal Resistance AC 1 kHz ≤ 6.0 mΩ Cycle Life Calculated ≥ 2000 cycles SoH < 80%, 3.65V - 2.5V, 25A (1C) Energy Density Gravimetric 128 Wh/kg Operating Temperature Charging 0 to +45 °C Range Discharging -20 to +55 °C Storage (up to 1 month) -10 to +45 °C Storage (up to 6 months) -10 to +35 °C Lifespan up to 10 years Under proper operating conditions Table. Physical Characteristics of the Battery Characteristic Value Unit Type Prismic Housing Aluminum alloy 3003 Terminals Bolt, M6 Width (W) 70 ± 0.5 mm Thickness (T) 27 ± 1 mm Height (H) 165 ± 0.5 mm Height with terminals (H1) 180 ± 0.5 mm Terminal height (H2) 15 ± 0.5 mm Weight < 625 g